The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) serves as the primary financial regulatory body in the United Kingdom. While the FCA ensures that crypto asset firms adhere to effective Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing procedures, crypto assets themselves generally remain unregulated. Notably, security tokens, possessing characteristics similar to specified investments such as shares or debt instruments, are the sole FCA-regulated crypto assets.
In the U.K., cryptocurrency taxation is outlined in His Majestyโs Revenue and Customs โCryptoassets Manual.โ Cryptocurrencies are categorized into exchange tokens (used for payment), security tokens (representing interests in businesses), utility tokens (providing access to services) and stablecoins (pegged to fiat money).
Individuals holding crypto assets are taxed on profits, including from airdrops, mining and salary payments. Capital gains tax applies, with a ยฃ12,570 tax-free allowance for 2023. Gains exceeding this limit are taxed at 20% to 40%, rising to 45% for higher incomes. Unlike the United States, the U.K. lacks separate short-term and long-term capital gains tax rates, with taxation determined by oneโs income tax band, emphasizing the importance of understanding specific transaction types and applicable tax regulations.
A significant development occurred on June 8, 2023, when the FCA published a policy statement (PS23/6), expanding its oversight to include crypto asset promotions. This marked the first time crypto asset promotions fell under the FCAโs regulatory purview, indicating an important step in regulating the U.K. crypto industry.
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